Here are some of the basics of web design that you should know on your own without your web design company having to teach you:

Web Design- on Graphics

• Always think small. In order to optimize your page and avoid slow loading pages, make sure you set your graphics to a file size of only about 10 to 12KB per image. It is true though that broadband technology have advanced leading to increase of speed, but the number of broadband users are increasing at a steady rate as well. Slow pages are always annoying, and no doubt your web design company will agree with this.

• Use graphics that are suitable to the page content. Adorable pictures should not be posted on the page just because they are adorable. Make sure that all your graphics have something to do with the site. An exception will be on design images, which are made up of photos and graphics that make up the page design and have nothing to do with the content.

• Minimize the use of blinking, rotating, flashing or changing images or graphics. These types are the ones which annoy and distract people the most. You need your online visitors to look at the contents of the page, and not get distracted by these graphics.

Web Design- On Layout

• Try to get by with standard layouts. I have seen them all: from those pages with eight frames, to those which you need to scroll to the right then downwards. These layouts are novel and cute, but they are pretty darn confusing. The reason why your web design company suggests the use of the standard 3-column layout is because it is what works well with the general audience. The same is true for newspapers and other media print. This can prove to be boring, but you have to bear with it to make sure you do not drive your visitors nuts.

• Pay attention to whitespace. You should know that whitespace is not just a CSS property, but is one of the functions of your layout. The whitespace actually has a bearing on how the page content is viewed, and is just as important in your web page layout as it obviously is in paper.

• Use graphics as actual elements in your layouts. If you use graphics as actual element in your page layout, it serves a far better role.

Web Design- On Fonts

• Use standard fonts. You can get by using Serif for your headlines and Sans-Serif for your actual text. Do not wonder if your web design company advises the use of this font family. Serif fonts are actually easier to read on monitors than it is in print since screen resolution is lower in the former.

• Minimize the use of different fonts. It is undeniable that ages with varying fonts here and there look like they are made by an amateur. Doing this will not make your web design company very happy. Try to limit your site and page to about two or a maximum of three standard font families. Trust me; they look a lot more professional.

• Use only standard fonts. You can use rare fonts that look pretty good. However, the chances that your online visitors will have the same font installed in their system might be low. If you stick will general fonts such as Arial, Helvetica, or Verdana, your pages will look better and your designs will likely be in the right places once they are viewed.

Web Design- On Advertising

• Never be greedy of advertisements. Yes, you and your web design company have the actual control over the ads that can be placed on the site. However, know that your readers do not visit your page to read the ads, but they need significant content. Do not overwhelm them with ads that overshadow the content of your site, or you might tend to lose their interest immediately. Instead, keep them small and subtle (no flashy ads, please), but relevant and strategically placed to draw attention.

Web Design is about remembering Your Readers

• Make sure to test your page in different browsers and operating system combinations. Your web design company requires you to come up with sites that are viewable and effective. Coming up with a page that is only compatible with the most modern browser and the latest operating system is simply unacceptable. Make sure that your page design is compatible with as many browser and OS system combinations as possible.

• Write the content that readers want. Remember that you are making a website that is not for yourself, but for your readers. So make sure that you create content that covers topics that your visitors would like to read. Your web design company will appreciate this as well.

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Satellite links are used to deliver long distance telecommunications voice/data services, broadband internet services, television broadcast and communications with remote and hard to reach locations. Satellite link consists of an uplink and a downlink. Uplink connects transmit earth station to satellite and downlink connects satellite to the receive earth station. Signal quality in the uplink depends on how strong the signal is transmitted from the source earth station and how the satellite receives it. On the downlink side, signal quality depends on how strong the satellite retransmits the signal and how the earth station receives it.

Earth stations are categorized by the size of the earth station antenna. Large earth station has antenna with 10 to 30 meters in diameter. Small earth station has antenna with diameter between 1 to 10 meters. VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) earth station has antenna with 0.3 to 1 meter in diameter. There are three earth station system parameters need to be considered when designing satellite links. The first one is transmitter EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) which is equal to Pt (transmitter output power) × Gt (transmit antenna gain). EIRP measures the signal power sends out from the transmit earth station. The second parameter is the earth station Figure of Merit which is equal to G (receive antenna gain) ÷ T (system noise temperature). G/T measures the sensitivity of the receiving system and the quality of the received signal. The third parameter is the earth station system noise temperature which measures the amount of noise power generated by the receive earth station.

The main objective of satellite link design is to maximize link data rate while minimizing the BER (Bit Error Rate) at the receiver subjects to the constraint of received power and channel bandwidth. The BER of a satellite link is a function of Eb/No (energy per bit noise density ratio) in the information channel. A satellite communications system designer must attempt to ensure a minimum Eb/No in the receiver channels to satisfy the link BER criteria which also meet the constraints on satellite transmit power and RF bandwidth. In digital transmission, Eb/No in a baseband channel depends on C/N (carrier to noise ratio) of the receiver, the type of modulation used in the baseband channel and the channel bandwidth. Hence, the main concern in design and analysis of satellite link is to calculate and evaluate the link C/N in which C is the received carrier power in the earth station/satellite and N is the noise plus interference (caused by earth stations of adjacent satellite) power in the receiver.

Loss due to rain is the most important impairment to the transmission of satellite signal. Rain attenuation is a function of rain rate at earth station location and satellite link carrier frequency. Average value of rain rate (mm/hr) of a country can be obtained from the department of Meteorology of that country. Rain effects become severe at wavelength approach the rain drop size. If the satellite link is to maintain during rainfall, then extra transmit power is needed to overcome the maximum attenuation induced by the rain. Hence accurate assessment of expected rain loss needs to be made when evaluating link parameters.

The earth station antenna look angle (azimuth & elevation) can be calculated using the longitude of the geosynchronous satellite plus the latitude and longitude of the earth station. The deviation of the earth station antenna pointing direction from the antenna electric axis is termed the antenna pointing error. This error reduces the gain of the earth station antenna because the antenna gain is maximum when measured at its electric axis. Hence, antenna point loss needs to be evaluated in satellite link design and it applies to both transmit and receive antennas.

If your project needs further assistance in this topic, please visit Telecommunications Network and Systems.

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Technorati Tags: Considerations, Design, Link, Satellite